If you have followed this blog long enough you will know that I am an unabashed fan of the life and work of Nassim Nicholas Taleb, pugilistic social media presence and all. There is no simple way to summarize why — this post from the economist Branko Milanović is as good of an attempt as any — and reducing his Incerto series of books to a collection of One-Neat-Tricks (Ergodicity! Lindy! Skin in the game!) would not do them justice.
Having said that, here is One Neat Trick: when deciding to act, think about the best-case and the worst-case scenarios and try to pick one with known and limited downside and a potentially unlimited upside. The classic example here is buying stock options: for pennies on the dollar you purchase the right to buy stock at a certain price by a certain date. If the stock costs less than that price by the time it expires your only loss is the price of the option. But in the unlikely but possible case it skyrockets, you can pocket a good chunk of change. [Note: People misunderstand this as Taleb recommending that people from all walks of life go into options trading. Far from it. In fact, one thing he said at my first RWRI years ago which has served me well is that if you are not a professional trader and you earn money from a different profession, your priority should be capital preservation, not generation. ]
The flipside and what you should definitely not do is selling uncovered stock options. Yes, most of them will expire and be worthless and you will get to keep the modest steady income derived from the selling price. But in the unlikely but possible case it skyrockets, and you don’t actually own those stocks — that’s the “uncovered” part, and yes people actually do that — you will need to purchase them on the open market at that very high price. D’oh.
Rarely are real-life choices this clear. You usually have to pick between several bad options with the same limited upside and different downsides. Case in point — and we are finally getting to the point of the title — is what the Colorado town of Erie has to deal with. Some houses in Erie are yards away from the Draco pad, one of several new fracking projects slithering around Denver. The city council was initially against it, then one member did an about turn, changed his vote, and allowed the sale of mineral and oil rights “for up to $35 million over the next two decades” along with some 160 acres of land previously used for drilling.
Quoth the Mayor, Andrew Moore: “So when we get to the point of, ‘Hey, the state approved this’ — I can’t change that,” Moore said. “But I think we need to work to get as much as we possibly can for Erie.”
In case you missed it, his thinking was that the state approved it already, drilling is down in the next-door Weld County and Erie can’t stop it, so they might as well get something out of it, like keeping the 10/10 elementary school and building up some more of the infrastructure. The downside is that it is and the upside looks good, so what’s wrong with that?
Well, if you stopped to think about it for more than a millisecond a question may come to mind: why on Earth would a publicly traded company give anything to the town if they were going to drill and get the oil anyway, There Will Be Blood-style? Out of the goodness of their corporate hearts? Please.
First, the upside is not what it seems. This is from yesterday’s Denver Post:
Under the agreement negotiated by Owens, Erie would receive a $4.5 million upfront payment and 3% royalty interest for the life of the project, which the town projected at the time of the council’s vote could range from $19 million to $31 million. The royalties wouldn’t kick in until SM Energy has recovered 200% of its cost to develop Draco.
$4.5 million is significantly less than $35M, as there are no guarantees whatsoever that any royalties would be paid out: those development costs can skyrocket, particularly when it’s the company itself estimating how much everything cost. Fungible accounting ftw.
Worse yet, by selling their rights I can only assume that the townsfolk are giving up the opportunity to sue the company for any untoward consequences of pumping millions of gallons of pressurized fluid into a landscape pockmarked with old oil and gas wells. Paying the town $4.5 million to not have to think about would be a steal, and easily defensible to even the stingiest of the board members.
So these are the two bad, ugly, abysmal choices put forth: take the $4.5M upside in return for the unlimited downside if and when things go wrong and there is no one to hold liable; or don’t take anything but lawyer up and reserve the right to block everything in courts at the first sign of trouble while also getting some money for potential damages.
My choice would be preservation, but then one of the big reasons we are in Denver and not north of it is that we didn’t want to make choices like that.